|
|
Old English and other Indo-European languages had a three-fold distinction of a grammatical category called gender. It's not the same as what is commonly called gender, where a rooster might be masculine (he), a mare feminine (she), and a farm neuter (it). Instead, in Old English the way words were assigned to a gender had little to do with biological sex or social constructions. The association between word and gender is grammatical and arbitrary. The first group of words below, for example, are all feminine nouns (o-stems, see our textbook) preceded by their demonstratives.
Link: http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/cb45/files/oe_gender-1.pdf
| sēo sāwol | the soul |
| sēo firen | the crime |
| sēo giefu | the gift |
| sēo cwēn | the queen |
The following are neuter (a-stems):
| þæt lim | the limb |
| þæt wīf | the woman |
| þæt word | the word |
| þæt cynn | the kin |
And masculine (a-stems):
| se æcer | the acre |
| se wulf | the wolf |
| se fugol | the fowl |
| se mearh | the horse |
Print this page OR print the pdf file linked above. Then for each group, write out the appropriate inflection for both the definite article and the noun as directed in the box to the right. You will need to consult the textbook for the correct forms for both the article and noun ending. The first one is given here:
| sēo sāwol | dative singular | __ þære sawle ____ | |
| sēo firen | accusative singular | _______________________ | |
| sēo giefu | nominative plural | _______________________ | |
| sēo cwēn | genitive plural | _______________________ |
| þæt lim | dative singular | _______________________ | |
| þæt wīf | accusative singular | _______________________ | |
| þæt word | nominative plural | _______________________ | |
| þæt cynn | genitive plural | _______________________ |
| se æcer | dative singular | _______________________ | |
| se wulf | accusative singular | _______________________ | |
| se fugol | nominative plural | _______________________ | |
| se mearh | genitive plural | _______________________ |
