@article {1484065, title = {The cooperative sex: Sexual interactions among female bonobos are linked to increases in oxytocin, proximity and coalitions}, journal = {Hormones and Behavior}, volume = {116}, year = {2019}, pages = {104581}, abstract = {In some species habitual same-sex sexual behavior co-occurs with high levels of intra-sexual alliance formation, suggesting that these behaviors may be linked. We tested for such a link by comparing behavioral and physiological outcomes of sex with unrelated same- and opposite-sex partners in female bonobos (Pan paniscus). We analyzed behavioral outcomes following 971 sexual events involving\ n = 19 female and\ n = 8 male adult and sub-adult members of a wild, habituated bonobo community. We additionally collected\ n = 143 urine samples before and after sexual interactions to non-invasively measure oxytocin (OT), which modulates female sexual behavior and facilitates cooperation in other species. The majority of sexual events (65\%) consisted of female same-sex genito-genital rubbing (or GG-rubbing). Female dyads engaged in significantly more sexual interactions than did inter-sexual dyads\ {\textellipsis}}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X19301503}, author = {Liza R Moscovice* and Martin Surbeck* and Barbara Fruth and Gottfried Hohmann and Adrian V Jaeggi and Tobias Deschner} }