@article {KALAN20191211,
	title = {Novelty Response of Wild African Apes to Camera Traps},
	journal = {Current Biology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {7},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1211 - 1217.e3},
	abstract = {Summary Temperament and personality research in humans and nonhuman animals measures behavioral variation in individual, population, or species-specific traits with implications for survival and fitness, such~as social status, foraging, and mating success [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Curiosity and risk-taking tendencies have been studied extensively across taxa by measuring boldness and exploration responses to experimental novelty exposure [3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. Here, we conduct a natural field experiment using wildlife monitoring technology to test variation in the reaction of wild great apes (43 groups of naive chimpanzees, bonobos, and western gorillas across 14 field sites in Africa) to a novel object, the camera trap. Bonobo and gorilla groups demonstrated a stronger looking impulse toward the camera trap device compared to chimpanzees, suggesting higher visual attention and curiosity. Bonobos were also more likely to show alarm and other fearful behaviors, although such neophobic (and conversely, neophilic) responses were generally rare. Among all three species, individuals looked at cameras longer when they were young, were associating with fewer individuals, and did not live near a long-term research site. Overall, these findings partially validate results from great ape novelty paradigms in captivity [7, 8]. We further suggest that species-typical leadership styles [16] and social and environmental effects, including familiarity with humans, best explain novelty responses of wild great apes. In sum, this study illustrates the feasibility of large-scale field experiments and the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in shaping animal curiosity. Video Abstract},
	keywords = {behavioral reaction, curiosity, exploration, looking impulse, neophobia, novel object, temperament},
	issn = {0960-9822},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.024},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982219301630},
	author = {Ammie K. Kalan and Gottfried Hohmann and Mimi Arandjelovic and Christophe Boesch and Maureen S. McCarthy and Anthony Agbor and Samuel Angedakin and Emma Bailey and Cosma Wilungula Balongelwa and Mattia Bessone and Ga{\"e}lle Bocksberger and Sally Jewel Coxe and Tobias Deschner and Marie-Lyne Despr{\'e}s-Einspenner and Paula Dieguez and Barbara Fruth and Ilka Herbinger and Anne-C{\'e}line Granjon and Josephine Head and Yves Aka Kablan and Kevin E. Langergraber and Albert Lotana Lokasola and Giovanna Maretti and Sergio Marrocoli and Menard Mbende and Jennifer Moustgaard and Paul Kouame N{\textquoteright}Goran and Robbins, Martha M. and Joost van Schijndel and Volker Sommer and Martin Surbeck and Nikki Tagg and Jacob Willie and Wittig, Roman M. and Hjalmar S. K{\"u}hl}
}
